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Where Does Walmart Buy Its Chicken From? An In-Depth Look at Walmart’s Poultry Supply Chain

Walmart, the largest retailer in the world sells an enormous quantity of chicken every year. However, it has remained relatively silent on disclosing the exact sources of its poultry products leading to questions from consumers. In this article, we’ll take an in-depth look at Walmart’s chicken supply chain – from the major suppliers and purchasers to the standards and certifications in place.

Overview of Walmart’s Chicken Supply Chain

Walmart has a complex, global supply chain for chicken involving multiple suppliers, farmers, processors and distributors. The company sources chicken domestically within the US as well as internationally.

Walmart’s major chicken suppliers in the US include Tyson Foods Pilgrim’s Pride, Sanderson Farms, Perdue Farms and Wayne Farms. Tyson Foods is the biggest supplier providing around 20-25% of Walmart’s chicken.

Internationally, Walmart sources from Keystone Foods, a subsidiary of Tyson Foods with operations across North America, Asia, and Australia. It also sources from JBS, the Brazilian meat processing company.

For its store brand Great Value chicken products, Walmart relies on its own farming operations and processing facilities. The company has about 50 company-owned chicken farms.

Walmart’s Chicken Purchasing Practices and Standards

As the largest grocery retailer, Walmart has stringent purchasing standards when buying chicken:

  • Price: Walmart negotiates competitive pricing with suppliers to provide affordable chicken to customers. This is a top consideration.

  • Quality: Suppliers must meet quality certifications mandated by Walmart and government regulations. Chicken must be healthy, fresh and safe for consumption.

  • Availability: Suppliers must have capacity and supply chain capabilities to provide enough inventory across Walmart’s 4,700+ stores.

  • Compliance: Suppliers must adhere to Walmart’s own standards and comply with regulations around animal welfare, antibiotics use, worker conditions and more. Regular audits are conducted.

Factors Influencing Walmart’s Choice of Chicken Suppliers

When choosing chicken suppliers, Walmart weighs several factors:

  • Cost: Unit price of chicken is paramount, enabling Walmart to sell affordable meat. Suppliers who can meet volume needs at low cost are preferred.

  • Scale: Prioritizing large suppliers like Tyson Foods that can meet Walmart’s massive demand across the country.

  • Standards compliance: Suppliers must consistently meet Walmart’s rigorous quality, safety and responsibility standards at scale.

  • Supply chain capabilities: Ability to deliver adequate inventory despite uncertainties and disruptions.

  • Vertical integration: Suppliers with control of the entire supply chain from farm to store allow for more oversight.

Walmart’s Relationship with Chicken Farmers and Processors

Walmart works closely with chicken farmers and processors to enforce strict standards across its supply chain:

  • Sets animal welfare requirements for how chickens are housed, transported and handled. Audits conducted.

  • Collaborates with processors to implement food safety controls, packaging guidelines, tracking procedures and more.

  • Provides farmers with education/support on sustainability practices. Goal to reduce environmental impact.

  • Partners with suppliers to improve transparency and traceability from farm to shelf. Blockchain pilot projects underway.

  • Offers insights to farmers on consumer preferences to align production with demand.

  • Negotiates pricing and contracts to ensure affordable chicken, though some farmers feel squeezed.

Walmart’s Steps to Ensure Chicken Quality and Safety

Walmart uses several strategies to control the quality and safety of its chicken:

  • Strict compliance with USDA and FDA regulations for processing, cleanliness, labeling etc.

  • Requirements for suppliers to adopt GFSI food safety certification and SQF quality certification.

  • Established an animal welfare program with humane handling guidelines audited by third-parties.

  • Implementation of rigorous sanitation protocols and regular microbiological testing.

  • End-to-end cold chain management and temperature controls to preserve freshness and shelf-life.

  • Blockchain enabled traceability projects to quickly track chicken back to source farm.

  • In-house processing of some Great Value chicken with strict quality control oversight.

Criticism and Controversies Around Walmart’s Chicken Sourcing

Walmart has faced criticism over its chicken supply chain practices:

  • Animal welfare groups have exposed cruel conditions at farms supplying Walmart, including overcrowding and unsanitary environments.

  • Lawsuits filed alleging misleading “Made in USA” labeling, when chicken was imported from China.

  • Accused of squeezing farmers on pricing, damaging rural agricultural economies.

  • Claims that focus on low cost over sustainability has negative environmental impacts, like water pollution from chicken waste.

  • Lack of transparency around chicken suppliers prevents full accountability for food safety and worker rights issues.

The Future of Walmart’s Chicken Supply Chain

In response to changing consumer preferences, Walmart is adapting its chicken supply chain strategy:

  • Transitioning to source 100% of chicken from suppliers meeting Animal Welfare Certified standards by 2024.

  • Expanding selection of organic and anti-biotic free chicken to appeal to health conscious buyers.

  • Exploring new technologies like blockchain to provide more traceability and transparency.

  • Investing in more vertical integration, with plans for new chicken processing plants owned by Walmart.

  • Forming partnerships with suppliers to implement more sustainable farming practices that are environmentally friendly.

  • Promoting supplier diversity and inclusion of small to mid-size, local and minority owned farms and processors.

Final Thoughts

Walmart’s massive scale and pricing power allow it to source inexpensive chicken to drive its low-cost value proposition. But the opacity around its complex global supply chain has opened it to criticism on issues like animal welfare, sustainability and fair labor practices.

Going forward, we can expect Walmart to face pressure from consumers, regulators and advocates to improve transparency, ensure ethical treatment of animals and workers, and minimize environmental impacts across every link of its chicken supply chain. The steps it is taking towards vertical integration, blockchain technology and certified sourcing reflect Walmart’s efforts to get ahead of those rising expectations.

where does walmart buy its chicken from

Pushing into beef and milk

Walmart is trying to break big processors’ stranglehold over the beef industry, drive down costs and sell a higher-end line of beef at some stores.

Bob McClaren, a Texas rancher who is helping lead Walmart’s effort to source its cattle, said in an interview that the new supply chain will be able to “pull some of those costs out of all these other middlemen along the way,” allowing the more than 600 ranchers Walmart has partnered with so far to receive a premium on their cattle.

“One of the things that has always hindered the cattle industry is the multiple, multiple hands that are involved in the supply chain,” McClaren said. “We’re reducing some of that work.”

Walmart is also trying to gain an upper hand on its current suppliers. Working directly with ranchers to produce some of its beef supply may put Walmart in a stronger position when it negotiates contracts with processors in this consolidated market.

“There are two key players out there that we do business with,” former Walmart US CEO Greg Foran said in June. “I think we all know the market dynamics of what happens when you generally operate in a duopoly. It’s not all that good for the customer.”

Additionally, Walmart leaders say moving into the beef chain will help it attract customers with its own brand of premium steaks.

“Meat is center of the plate” and “drives the customer to the store,” Scott Neal, Walmart’s senior vice president of meat, said in a CNN Business interview last year. Walmart has not announced a name for the brand yet.

Walmart also entered the milk supply chain recently. The company built a milk processing plant in Indiana to supply milk to 500 stores.

“What drives a decision like that is if we start to see a consolidation in supply,” former Walmart leader Foran said in June of Walmart’s move into diary.

Walmart’s milk suppliers’ prices had gone up, leading the company to explore other options. Walmart does not want to supply all of its more than 4,700 US stores with its own milk brand. But “it gives us some leverage” when negotiating contracts with its distributors, he added.

Other retailers are seizing control of segments of their food supply chains to drive down costs and produce their own food as well.

Costco in October opened a $450 million chicken plant in Nebraska that will soon produce roughly 100 million rotisserie chickens a year— 40% of its annual chicken needs-— to sell at the retailer’s food courts and poultry aisles.

Costco was having trouble finding the size of birds it needs for its rotisserie chickens. So the retailer decided to integrate the production process from farm to store, making key decisions down to the grain the chickens eat and the type of eggs hatched. Costco hopes that bringing poultry production in house will reduce its costs by 10 to 35 cents per bird.

Will Sawyer, animal protein economist at agricultural lender CoBank, said that the Walmart plant will only represent a small fraction of the company’s overall beef business. He views Walmart’s entrance into the beef industry as a small-scale test to asses whether it can grow profit by pushing deeper into the supply chain.

“Their ownership level is very different than Costco’s,” Sawyer said. “It’s not like Costco where Costco is owning these chickens from egg to grocery stores.”

But despite key differences between Walmart’s beef and Costco’s chicken operations, agricultural experts predict the trend of retailers playing a larger role in supplying food for their own stores to expand.

Local and state officials are pleased about the Walmart plant because it will deliver hundreds of jobs and investment in the area. Georgia Governor Brian Kemp was on hand for a ribbon-cutting ceremony last week.

“The Thomasville community is very excited,” Mayor Greg Hobbs said in an interview.

However, Walmart and other retailers gaining more power in the food industry troubles some farmers and ranchers’ advocates.

Walmart’s decision to enter the dairy market pressured Dean Foods and was one of a range of factors that led the company into bankruptcy. Dean missed out on the sale of 55 million gallons of milk in the latter half of 2018 because of the lost Walmart business, it said.

A spokesperson for Walmart said its new cattle program is a “win-win situation” for farmers and will create steady demand for its supply chain partners.

But opponents believe Walmart’s new chain denies most ranchers the opportunity to participate and “does nothing to relieve the pressure on America’s family farmer,” said Joe Maxwell, the former Missouri lieutenant governor and policy director for the Organization for Competitive Markets, an advocacy group for farmers and ranchers that opposes corporate consolidation and is critical of Walmart.

“It only keeps them locked in to a supply chain run by the world’s largest company,” he said. “The farmer is still just trapped.”

Jess Peterson, senior policy adviser at the US Cattleman’s Association, a lobbying group for ranchers, said his group is in a “wait-and-see process” with the Walmart supply chain.

He fears a “singular, vertically-integrated system” that limits access for independent ranchers and reduces competition.

“It does give us pause for concern that we might be moving toward vertical integration,” he said. “Walmart is assuring us that it’s not.”

where does walmart buy its chicken from

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Walmart Baked Chicken

FAQ

Where does marketside chicken come from?

Marketside Boneless Skinless Chicken Breasts come from chickens that are hatched, raised cage-free and harvested in the USA.

Does Walmart get food from China to the USA?

(NewsNation) — Walmart, the world’s largest retailer, continues to source a significant share of its products from China, although the reliance is gradually decreasing. According to a November 2023 Reuters report, about 60% of Walmart’s imports came from China between January and April 2023, down from 80% in 2018.

Where is Walmart meat packaged?

Walmart Opens First Owned and Operated Case-Ready Beef Facility in Olathe, Kansas. The opening marks Walmart’s first-ever owned and operated, case-ready beef facility, bringing quality beef to customers in the Midwest while creating more resiliency in Walmart’s supply chain.

Where does Walmart buy chicken?

Chicken: Walmart’s chicken products are sourced from suppliers like Tyson Foods, Pilgrim’s Pride, and Sanderson Farms. These companies operate chicken processing facilities across the United States, where chickens are slaughtered, processed, and packaged for distribution.

Where does Walmart get its meat?

Walmart sources its meat from various suppliers and farms across the United States and other countries. The company works with a network of over 1,000 meat suppliers, including large-scale farms, ranches, and processing facilities. These suppliers provide Walmart with a wide range of meat products, including beef, pork, chicken, and turkey.

Where are Walmart chickens processed?

Walmart’s chicken processing facility in Rogers, Arkansas: This facility is one of Walmart’s largest chicken processing facilities and is equipped with advanced technology, including automated processing systems and computerized tracking systems.

Does Walmart have a meat processing facility?

These companies operate chicken processing facilities across the United States, where chickens are slaughtered, processed, and packaged for distribution. While Walmart sources its meat products from a variety of suppliers, the company also operates its own in-house meat processing facilities.

Could pork and poultry supply chains be next at Walmart?

As Walmart expands its meat empire, some analysts believe pork and poultry supply chains could be next. Vertical integration allows Walmart to source cattle mainly from a network of partner ranches across the Southeast, including Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas.

Where does Walmart buy beef?

Beef: Walmart sources its beef products from a variety of suppliers, including large meatpacking companies like Tyson Foods, JBS USA, and Cargill. These companies operate massive beef processing facilities across the United States, where cattle are slaughtered, processed, and packaged for distribution.

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