For those with a beef allergy, the prospect of finding safe, delicious alternatives can seem daunting Bison meat has grown in popularity over recent years as a lean, nutrient-dense red meat option. But can you eat bison if you’re allergic to beef? Let’s take a closer look
People who are allergic to beef are allergic to the alpha-gal sugar molecule that is found in all meats from mammals. This includes beef, pork, lamb and venison. Bison meat also contains alpha-gal. As for people with alpha-gal allergy, also known as alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), some may be able to handle small amounts of bison.
In this article, we will cover everything you need to know about eating bison with a beef allergy, including:
- What is alpha-gal syndrome?
- Can you eat bison if allergic to beef?
- Bison allergy symptoms to watch for
- Tips for trying bison safely
- How bison differs from beef
- Other meat-free protein sources
Let’s start with the basics of alpha-gal syndrome and meat allergies
What is Alpha-Gal Syndrome?
Alpha-gal syndrome, also known as red meat allergy or mammalian meat allergy, is an allergy to a sugar molecule called alpha-gal. This carbohydrate is present in all mammalian meats like beef, pork, lamb and venison.
In most people, alpha-gal is harmless when eaten. But in some, the body’s immune system forms antibodies to alpha-gal, turning it into an allergen This can occur after being bitten by certain ticks, like the Lone Star tick
Common symptoms of alpha-gal syndrome include:
- Hives, itchy rash
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Stomach pain
- Coughing, trouble breathing
- Dizziness, fainting
- Anaphylaxis (severe reaction)
Reactions usually occur 2-6 hours after eating mammalian meat. Avoiding trigger foods is key to managing AGS.
Can You Eat Bison If Allergic to Beef?
While bison contains alpha-gal like other red meats, some people with AGS may be able to tolerate bison in small amounts. However, caution is still advised.
There are a few reasons why bison may be less reactive:
- Bison are grass-fed. They do not eat grain, corn or soy which may be irritants.
- Bison is very lean compared to beef. Lower fat content may help.
- Different husbandry and processing methods.
However, bison can still trigger an allergic reaction in some with AGS. It’s important to take precautions if trying bison for the first time:
- Start with a small portion, like 1-2 ounces.
- Look for certified organic, grass-fed bison.
- Cook it thoroughly until well-done.
- Monitor symptoms for at least 8 hours afterwards.
- Carry emergency epinephrine in case of anaphylaxis.
If eating bison gives you any worrying symptoms like hives, stomach problems, or trouble breathing, don’t eat it again.
Bison Allergy Symptoms to Watch For
When first trying bison, look out for these common food allergy symptoms:
- Hives, itchy rash, swelling
- Tingling or itching in the mouth
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Abdominal cramps, pain
- Nasal congestion, sneezing
- Coughing, wheezing, tight throat
- Dizziness, lightheadedness
Reactions typically occur 2-6 hours after eating bison. If symptoms are severe or life-threatening, inject epinephrine immediately and seek emergency care. Mild symptoms like a rash or upset stomach may be managed with antihistamines.
Tips for Trying Bison Safely
If you decide to carefully try bison, keep these safety tips in mind:
- Start with just 1-2 ounces of cooked bison meat.
- Choose steaks or ground bison you can cook thoroughly yourself. Avoid pre-made products.
- Look for certified organic, 100% grass-fed and grass-finished bison.
- Cook to an internal temperature of at least 160°F.
- Avoid cross-contamination by washing hands, surfaces, pots/pans thoroughly after cooking.
- Have antihistamines and epinephrine auto-injector on hand.
- Wait at least 2-3 days between trials, and start with a small amount each time.
- Avoid other new foods for a few days to pinpoint reactions.
- Inform anyone you eat with about your bison trial in case you need help.
By taking things slow and following precautions, you can determine if bison may be safe for you in limited quantities.
How Bison Differs From Beef
Although both beef and bison contain alpha-gal and come from bovine species, there are some key differences:
- Bison are always grass-fed while beef cattle are often grain-fed.
- Bison is much lower in fat and calories compared to beef. A 3 oz serving of ground bison has 143 calories and 4.5 grams of fat compared to ground beef which has 245 calories and 15 grams of fat.
- Bison is considered a leaner red meat option with a finer texture.
- Bison has a more mild, sweet and earthy taste compared to beef.
- Bison meat has a darker red color with yellowish fat marbling rather than white.
- Nutritionally, bison contains more iron, zinc and vitamin B12 than beef.
So while they are similar red meats, the differences in diet, leanness, taste and tenderness may account for some people with AGS tolerating bison better than beef. However, caution is still warranted.
Other Meat-Free Protein Sources
If bison is not well-tolerated or you prefer to avoid all mammalian meats, there are many other high-protein foods to enjoy in your diet:
Poultry – Chicken and turkey do not contain alpha-gal and are safe alternatives. Avoid duck which is technically red meat.
Fish and Seafood – All fish and shellfish like shrimp, clams and scallops make good protein sources.
Eggs – Eggs are naturally alpha-gal free and provide 6 grams of protein per egg.
Dairy – Milk, cheese, yogurt and whey protein powders work for those without a cow’s milk allergy too.
Tofu and Edamame – Made from soy, these plant-based proteins are alpha-gal free. Avoid if you have a soy allergy.
Beans and Legumes – Kidney beans, chickpeas, lentils and peanuts offer plant-based protein options.
Grains – Quinoa, amaranth, teff and buckwheat pack protein in addition to carbs.
Nuts and Seeds – Almonds, pistachios, sunflower seeds, flax and chia seeds make nutritious snacks.
With careful meal planning, you can meet your protein needs through poultry, fish, eggs, dairy and plant-based foods even with red meat limitations. Consider meeting with a dietitian knowledgeable about AGS for personalized advice.
The Bottom Line
Some people with alpha-gal syndrome may be able to tolerate bison meat in small amounts. However, caution is warranted as bison still contains the alpha-gal carbohydrate like other mammalian meats.
When first trying bison, start with 1-2 ounces of cooked meat and watch closely for any allergic reaction symptoms over the next 8 hours or more. Only continue eating bison if it is well-tolerated with no concerning symptoms. Having antihistamines and epinephrine on hand is also advised as a precaution.
While everyone with a red meat allergy needs to approach new foods carefully, your tolerance may differ from someone else with AGS. Work closely with your allergist when making decisions about bison or other alternative meats. Staying strict with your dietary restrictions is the safest approach to keep reactions at bay.
Is alpha-gal syndrome also lone star tick disease?
Some refer to the condition as the lone star tick disease. It is thought that AGS is caused by a bite from the lone star tick, but species of ticks in other parts of the world can also cause the condition.
The lone star tick is most prevalent in the eastern and southeastern regions of the United States. It can be found as far west as Texas and New Mexico and as far north as Maine. Alpha-gal syndrome cases have also been reported in Australia, Germany, Sweden, Japan, and South Africa.
What tick diseases cause meat allergy?
Red meat allergy is only caused by the introduction of the sugar molecule alpha gal into your body. It is not caused by an infection. Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, which are both spread by ticks, do not make people allergic to meat.
The Shocking Truth About Bison (Buffalo) vs Beef (Cow) – by Dr Sam Robbins
FAQ
Can I eat bison if allergic to beef?
Can you eat venison if you’re allergic to beef?
Can people with beef allergies eat lamb?
Can you eat bison if you’re allergic?
Bison was enjoyed with other local and seasonal foods, such as chokecherries, greens, herbs, onions and buffalo milk. Most people tolerate bison meat very well. However, in rare instances bison can cause an allergic reaction or digestive issues. This is more likely to happen if you respond badly to eating beef, pork, lamb, venison or goat.
Are there any allergies to bison?
There are no common allergies or interactions related to bison. However, a rare allergy to meat—including bison, along with beef, pork, and lamb—is becoming more common in the United States. This allergy can cause severe reactions, so if you experience symptoms (such as vomiting, shortness of breath, or hives), seek medical attention right away.
Should you eat bison meat?
Considered by many to be healthier than even grass-fed beef and richer in flavor (despite being lower in saturated fat), bison meat might soon become your favorite protein source. Over the past several years, the popularity of bison meat has nearly quadrupled — and for good reason.
Can you consume meat with a meat allergy?
With a meat allergy, the body’s immune system overreacts whenever you consume the type of meat that you’re allergic to. The response can be rapid (as with a pork allergy) or it can take a few hours for symptoms to emerge, as is the case with beef and alpha-gal allergies.